Transition: the five areas of action

Galton, Gray and Ruddock (1999) highlighted the need for schools to have a sustained focus on the needs of students as they transfer from primary to secondary schooling.

The researchers identified five main categories of activity which schools can incorporate into their transition programs. These categories, or areas of action, are renamed for the NSW educational context as:

  • Administrative
    Formal liaison and information exchange occurs between primary schools and secondary schools. This includes:
    • executive and teacher meetings to coordinate transition activities
    • the dissemination of information to primary students about the nature of secondary schooling, the operation or secondary schools and the features and achievements of their local secondary schools
    • the transfer and exchange of information regarding specific students.

  • Social and personal
    Students' social and personal needs are addressed to reduce their concerns and possible anxiety about changing schools. Issues include developing social relationships within the student group involved in transition, extending students' knowledge about secondary school and building the personal confidence of each student.

    Positive relationships also develop between students, their parents or caregivers and the new school, typically during the preparation, transfer and induction phases of transition (Years 5 to 7).

  • Curriculum
    Teachers in primary and secondary schools share information and plans about curriculum and content to be taught in the final stages of primary school and the beginning of secondary school. In NSW, the introduction of the new 7–10 syllabuses provides a consistent curriculum framework and a continuity of progression from Stage 3 to Stage 4 in all key learning areas.

  • Pedagogy
    Teachers in primary and secondary schools develop a shared understanding of how students learn and what constitutes effective teaching practice. Greater alignment of teaching practices in late primary school and early secondary school reduces the possibility of a decline in student achievement in Years 7 and 8.

  • Management of learning
    All students are encouraged to manage their transition into secondary school and to develop independent learning and reflection skills. Each student is empowered with information about learning and achievement (including learning how to learn) and with the confidence to articulate individual learning needs and engage in learning in the new environment.


A Departmental survey conducted in 2003 across NSW Government schools to investigate the nature of school transition programs indicated that the majority of activities undertaken by schools fall into the 'administrative' and 'social and personal' categories. It is evident, however, that schools are becoming increasingly focused on curriculum continuity, teacher discourse and lesson observation related to effective learning and quality teaching practice.

Many examples of activities for each area of action for transition are available to Departmental staff through the DET intranet site.

Examples of activities for areas of action (DET intranet access only)

More information about the areas of action for transition is also available using links under 'Related information'.

Connecting the five areas of action for transition with the four phases of transition will assist you to develop your transition program.